Papers
Argument, not incident. A casualty report is about something that happened; a paper is about something we think is true, published so it can be disagreed with.
The allowlist and the register
Model providers have begun vetting who may hold their most capable models, privately and revocably. It is a reasonable instrument and a different one: it approves an organisation rather than an agent, it cannot be checked by the party relying on it, and it stops at the edge of one provider. Marine insurance took seventy years to learn the same lesson, and the fix was never better surveying.
A paper is the Registry’s own reasoning and carries no more authority than its argument earns. It is not a survey, not a finding, and not evidence about any party it discusses. Where a paper cites a clause, the clause is the authority and the paper is not.